Animals Diversity

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Type Study of Chordata

By Md. Kabir Uddin

Chapter Outline

1. Introduction
2. Learning Objectives
3. Type Study of Amphibia
   1. Classification of Rana
   2. Geographical distribution
   3. Characters of Rana
4. Activity
5. Type Study of Reptilia
   1. Classification of Draco
   2. Geographical distribution
   3. Characters of Draco
6. Activity
7. Type Study of Pisces
   1. Classification of '
   2. Geographical distribution
   3. Characters of '
8. Let's Sum Up
9. Key points
10. Glossary
11. Practice test
12. Answers to SAQs
13. References and further readings

Introduction

Animal Kingdom divided in to ten Major Phylum. Phylum Chordata is one of them in the following chapter of the Phylum Chordata have been described. general characters have been give. The classification of representatives of each class along with their characters, habits, habitats and their geographical distribution have also been described in detail.Phylum chrodata has been divided into following groups and classes, etc.

Phylum-Chordata has been devided into five classes:

General Characters Chordata

1. Nerve cord is present.
2. Notochord is always essentially present at some stage of life. It is completely or partly by vertebral column in majority of animals.
3. Paired gill-slits are present on either side of the pharynx at some stage of life.
4. Coelomate, i.e. a well developed coelom is always present.
5. A post-anal tail is present at some stage of life.

	Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter, you are expected to be able to: Know the basic concept of chordata. Describe the different types of classification. Describe the representatives of each class of chordata.

Class - Amphibia

Characters of Amphibia

• Vertebrates animals.
• Cold blooded
• Skin smooth or rough.
• Scales, if present, hidden in the skin
• Vertebra are a centrous, pseudo centrous and noto centrous.
• Limbs tetrapodus.
• Larvae pass through an aquatic stage.

Classification of Rana:

Phylum - Chordata

Group - Vertebrata

Class - Amphibia

Genus - Rana

Species - tigrina

Geographical distribution

It is found in moist places, fresh water ponds and streams Rana is world wide in distribution. Rana tigrina is commonly called Indian bull – forg.

Characters of Rana:

• Body is green with black patches with a yellow mid-rib
• Head is flat (more or less Triangular)
• External nostrils are on the dorsal surface of the snout.
• Eyes are largs.
• Apair of typanumlie
• Limbs pentadactyle

a) Fore - Limbs with four fingers.

b) Ltind - Limbs bear five toes.

c) Webbed are present.

• Lower jaw without teeth
• Tougue is large, muscular and forked and free moved
• Feeding havious: Carnivorous, small worms, snails, snails and aquatic insects.

Class - Reptilia

Characters of Reptilia :

• Vertebrates animals.
• Cold blooded
• Body is covered with horny seales or scutes.
• Skin is dry.
• Skin glands are absent.
• Limbs tetrapodus.
• Respriration by langs.
• Fertilization is internal
• Eggs formation.

Clanification of Draco Phylum - Chordata

Group - Vertebrata

Class - Reptilia

Genus - Draco

Species - volans

Geographical distribution: Draco volans is found in Sumatra, Java, Broneo. One Kind of Draco found in madras (India). Draco volans is commonly known as flying dragon or flying Lizard.

Characters of Draco:

• Body is dorso – Ventrally Compressed. (about 25 am).
• Tail is very long which 12 cm. (as like a slender).
• Fore and ltind Limbs extend as a pair of large wink-like membranes, some ribs are present.
• The wink-like membranes can be folded as like a fan.
• Eye are small.
• Mole has a small nuchal crest.
• Teeth are present.
• Hooks are present.

Class - Aves

Characters of Aves :

• Vertebrates animals

• Warm blooded

• The fore-limbs are modified into wings.

• Hind limbs are adapted for walking and bearing four toes.

• No Skin gland except oil glands on the tail.

• Air cavities are pleasant the bones

• Modern birds have no teeth.

Let's Sum Up

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, fiber and water are very much essential for health. Carbohydrates are the polyhydroxy organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Carbohydrates may be classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides according to their chemical structure. Proteins are bio molecules composed of amino acids linked by peptide bond. The body requires amino acids to produce new body protein and to replace damaged proteins. Deficiency or excesses of mineral and vitamin may cause weak health, disorders of cell metabolism and poor psychological health. Better nutrition can help to prevented or alleviated many common threats and their symptoms. Poor health can be caused by an imbalance of nutrients. Deficiency or excess of various nutrients may affect hormonal function indirectly.

Key Points

The key points of this chapter are as follows:

• Vertebra
• Cold blooded
• Scales
• Typanum
• Carnivorous
• Horny scales
• Tetrapod
• Hook.

Glossary

1. Phylum: Phylum is a groups of Animals which animal are clossely related. One or more same and simller class or classes are called (form) unitededly Phylum.
2. Genus: One or more same and simller species formed unitededly Genus.
3. Species: Species are groups of closely related organism which are capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring.
4. Pisces:(The fishes)

	Self-Assessment Questions (SAQs) - 1
1. Reptilia is a.... a) Cold blooded animals. b) Hot blooded animals. c) Both. d) Air blooded animals. 2. Reptilia is under the phylum of.. a) Protozoa. b) Mamalia. c) Chordata. d) Mollusca.

Answers to SAQs

1) a

2) c

References and Further Readings

A manual of practical Zoology Chordates. By - P.S. Verma