Remembering previously learned material, e.g., definitions, concepts, principles, formulas, recalling information.

Verbs: Describe / Identify/ Define / List/ Show/ Recognize / Recall/ State/ Visualize/ Name / Count / Recite

• Develop details, illustrations, and the like to give a clear picture.
• Pick out highlights or major aspects of something.

Observation Chart

Five senses

• A definition may be simple or complex. The available techniques for definition include examples, synonyms, antonyms (opposites), etymology (words history), or dictionary definitions.

• give a listing

Expanded string of events

Step chart

Understanding the meaning of remembered material, usually demonstrated by explaining in one's own words or citing examples, translating, interpreting, and extrapolating

• present in brief, clear form

• give the important features of a subject

• How you show something depends upon the nature of the subject matter. To show something, you might provide evidence, clarify the logical basis of something, appeal to principles or laws as in an explanation, to simply supply a range of opinion and examples.

• In science, usually show what leads to what in producing something, thoroughly presenting details of each step.
• In humanities and often in social sciences, make a list of factors that influence something, developing evidence for each factor's potential influence.

Selecting known information and using it to solve a problem, to answer a question, or to perform another task. The information used may be rules, principles, formulas, theories, concepts, or procedures.

• You might need to defend or explain how you arrived at a category and how one category differs from another.

types of hierarchy maps file system

• give reasons or examples to demonstrate how or why something is the truth so as to support your position or conclusions.

• use a figure, chart or diagram, to clarify or make clear by the use of examples

Different kinds of chart

• What you do depends upon what the comment calls for, a position, a discussion, an explanation, a judgement, an evaluation, etc. The meaning of comment is determined largely by the context in which it occurs.

Breaking a piece of material into its parts and explaining the relationship between the parts.

What's fact, opinion/ State the point of view of/ What motive is there/ What relationship between/ What is the theme/ The least essential statements are/ Implicit in the statement is the idea that / What persuasive technique/ Why/ What's the main idea, subordinate idea/ What does the author believe, assume/ What statement is relevant, extraneous to, related to, not applicable

• Identify the main idea, the central element; for example, the hierarchy of key ideas in a message or line of reasoning.
• List the components of the whole.
• Determine how individual parts create or relate to the whole, figure out how something works, what it might mean, or why it is important.
• Identify relationships and patterns: recognize ways in which elements are related and explain the relationship between them.
• Be able to recognize relationships such as cause and effect, even if it's unstated in what you read. Look for underlying assumptions and question their validity.
• Identify errors: recognizing logical fallacies and other mistakes and, where possible, correcting them.

• Make a list of bases for comparing and contrasting. For each basis, judge similarities and differences. You may supply details, examples, etc., that will support and clarify your judgement.
• Assess overall similarity or difference.
• Determine significance of similarities and difference in connection with the purpose of the comparison.

Double cell diagram Venn Diagrams Comparison Matrix

• Make a list of bases for comparing and contrasting.
• Make a list of reasons for position on something. Make a list of reasons against another position on something.
• Fill out reasons, objections, and replies with details, examples, consequences, logical connections to support or clarify each pro and con
• Refute objections to your reasons for and defend against objections to your reasons against.
• Take a side and defend it with evidence against the other side.

What judgments can you make about ...? / Compare and contrast ...criteria for ...? Judge/ Select/Choose/ Decide/ Justify/ Debate/ Verify/ Argue/ Recommend/ Assess/ Discuss/ Rate/ Prioritise/ Determine

• Determine use, goal, ideal or whatever, from which you can judge something's worth.
• Develop examples, evidence, contrasts, details, and the like which support your judgement and clarify your reasoning.
• State your opinion of the subject as good, bad, or some combination of the two, with examples and reasons.
• Summarize your opinion of the subject and measure it against something.

• Put two or more things together that have not been put together in class or in your readings before; do not just summarize one and then the other, and say that they are similar or different--you must provide a reason for putting them together that runs all the way through the essay.